成语典故中英对照

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　　In the Song Dynasty (960-1279) there was a joker called Sun Shan. One year he went to take the imperial examination, and came bottom of the list of successful candidates. Back in his hometown, one of his neighbours asked him whether the neighbour's son had also passed. Sun Shan said, with a smile: "Sun Shan was the last on the list. Your son came after Sun Shan."

　　后来人们用“名落孙山”来比喻考试没有考上或者选拔没有被录取。
　　Later, people used this idiom to indicate failing in an examination or competition.

details:
　　源于宋代范公冉的《过庭录》。
　　宋朝有一个名叫孙山的读书人，他不但聪明过人，而且能说会道，滑稽诙谐，当时人们称呼他“滑稽才子”。有一年，他和一个同乡前去投考举人。发榜的时候，碰巧孙山的名字是最后一名，而他的同乡却没有考中。孙山心里非常高兴，他兴冲冲地回到家里，别人问他同乡是否中举，孙山不便说，顺口编了两句诗：“解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。”在封建社会里，考中举人第一名的叫解元，“解名”在这里泛指考取举人的名字。所以全句诗的意思是说，举人榜上的最后一名是孙山，而同乡的名字还落在孙山的后面，委婉说出同乡没有考中的意思。后来，人们用“名落孙山”来表示参加考试没有被录取，榜上无名。

天花乱坠
As If It Were Raining Flowers

　　南北朝梁武帝的时候，有一个名叫云光的法师，讲经讲得很好。传说他有一次登坛讲经，感动了天上的花神。花神把天上的花纷纷降落下来，洒遍了大地。
　　In the Southern and Northern Dynasty (420-589), in the reign of King Wu of Liang, there was a monk called Master Yun Guang who was a very accomplished preacher. Once he explained the sutra so profoundly and subtly that the God of Flowers was moved and sent divine flowers down to Earth. Soon the land was covered with flowers. www.qpx6.com

　　“天花乱坠”这个成语后来比喻说话有声有色，非常动听（多指夸大的或不切实际的讲话）。
　　This idiom was later used metaphorically to describe talking in a vivid and eloquent way (mostly in an exaggerated and imparctical manner).

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